What are the 6 Ways to Identify and Classify Bacteria?

Modern Biology students are expected to grasp the terminology and technology of six common methods of identifying and classifying bacteria. But if you asked your students to take samples and identify some of the bacteria in their everyday world, what would they do? Low-Tech, Low-Cost Ways to Introduce Students to Microbial Identification Our experience with […]

How to Extract DNA from a Strawberry

Every biology student learns about DNA, but a hands-on laboratory exercise in which they extract visible amounts of DNA they can manipulate with glass rods or squish between their fingers makes the lectures about DNA in the classroom memorable and meaningful. Modern Biology, Inc. provides mammalian DNA for formal experiments. Still, strawberries are a readily available and […]

The Primary Function of Pigments in Plants

Biological pigments, also known as biochromes or pigments, refer to the substances or molecules that contain color because of selective color absorption. They often operate by absorbing specific wavelengths of light. As a result, the pigment color usually differs from the structural color. Whereas the pigment color is the same from all the angles, the […]

Cell Surface Receptors Explained

Just like people communicate through words, the cells that make up our bodies have a way of communicating to perform the different functions and processes that keep the body alive and responsive. But of course, there are no talking molecules in the world of cells—they have to use cell receptors and signaling sequences to pass […]

Polymerase Chain Reaction: What a PCR Test Is & How it Works

The polymerase chain reaction, more commonly referred to as PCR, is sometimes explained as “molecular photocopying.” PCR is an inexpensive and convenient way to copy or “amplify” small chains of DNA into samples larger enough for molecular and genetic analyses. PCR uses relatively short DNA sequences known as primers to choose the portion of the […]

Gel Electrophoresis Explained

Gel electrophoresis is simply identification. Due to its versatility, it has become one of the most important tools of crime scene investigation and protein analysis. Forensic investigators use this tool of genotyping DNA samples to distinguish one human being from another. Gel electrophoresis is commonly used around the world for not only for the investigation of crime scenes but also for identifying missing persons, attaching names to bodies in mass disasters, naming the victims in human rights violations, and in paternity testing.